Varicose veins - This is the expansion of the subcutaneous veins with a diameter of over 3 mm.Varico veins develop due to damage to venous valves and weakness of the venous wall;At the same time, the outflow of blood from the lower limbs, an increase in intracular pressure, which can lead to chronic venous insufficiency.
Occasionally, Telanggiectasia and reticular veins are mistaken for varicose open.
They are veins with diameter 3 mm and less, do not affect venous outflow, but cause a clear cosmetic error.
What is the prevalence of varicose veins?
Varico -expansion of subcutaneous veins is present in 30 % of women and 15 % of mature men.Varicosis of the lower limbs increases significantly with age and is present in most people over 60 years of age.In adulthood, the proportion of patients with tropical disorders is only 1.8%, while in old age the indicator reaches 20%.At the same time, thromboflebitis is faced with every fifth patient of life.Among the causes leading to disability, the proportion of the disabled forms of veins is more than arteries.
The main risk factors for the formation of the varicosity are:
- elderly
- Female
- pregnancy
- Hormonal disorders
- Positive family history
Further risk factors:
- smoking
- Arterial hypertension
- constipation
Literature on further risk factors is contradictory.In fact, the risk of developing venous disease is low.
How do varicos manifest?
The most common manifestation is the uneven dilated veins that stretch over the surface.In some cases, they can only be noticeable or determined by touch, and in others, it involves winding shapes that resemble a large bunch of vines by forming or appearance.
Often the varicose veins are accompanied by the following symptoms:
- Feeling and tension in the legs
- Pulse of pain and/or sores along the blood vessels
- The rapid fatigue of the legs
- Itching of the skin of the legs
Rarely varicose veins can cause restless legs syndrome and night foot cramps.
What are the dangers of progressing the varicos?
In the absence of treatment, the progress of varicose veins can lead to chronic venous insufficiency (CVN).The presence of HVN indicates that severe violations of lymphatic venous return (classification of C3-C6 clinical classes), which include chronic edema (lymphedem), skin color change (hyperpigmentation), venous eczema, skin compression, trophic venous ulcer.
What are the complications of varicos?
Thromboflebitis -A thrombus formation in a surface venous system is an event that has 20% of varicos.Such thrombosis is sealed with severe pain, redness of the skin, lower leg and/or thigh vein.In the absence of treatment, thrombotic masses are possible for a deep venous system.
Deep vein thrombosis (TGV) - In most cases, the start of the process is asymptomatic.When thrombosis spreads to the femur segment and pelvis vein, the most important outflow of blood from the lower limbs, accompanied by severe edema and pain syndrome and is considered a life -threatening situation.
The thromboembolism of lung arteries (tella) - In 10% of cases, in the deep veins of the lower limbs, the thrombotic masses are fragmented and migrate to the lung arteries with blood flow and cause death.
What is needed for the correct diagnosis?
Given the variety of forms of venous diseases, every detail of the development of the disease and the patient's life, the presence of simultaneous diseases, transactions, as a result of an external examination by the doctor, and the most important thing is ultrasound, ultrasound, ultrasound despice scanning.The latter is today the most informative accurate and non -invasive method to study the veins of the lower limbs.
Treatment of varicose veins, the most common methods:
- Drug treatment-vein-tone drugs have proven their efficiency in reducing the symptoms of varicose veins, but they are not able to eliminate varicose veins in themselves.Pharmacotherapy is successfully used to prevent complications of risk groups, preoperative preparation and postoperative rehabilitation.
- Compression treatment - Wear special medical knitwear in the form of golf, stockings, stockings.In some cases, multilayer bonds are used, with elastic bandages with various extensions and hardware pneumo compression.The role of compression treatment is difficult to overestimate, and is present at almost every stage of preventing and treating chronic blood vessels.
- Introduction to the lumen of the veins of the drugs that can cause closure.This method is a gold standard to eliminate reticular veins.It is successfully used to treat non -high -diameter varicos and have restrictions to eliminate the abnormal bloodstream of the main subcutaneous veins.
- Classic operation - Combined febectomy is performed in modern performance with outpatient spinal or local anesthesia.In some cases, this is the only feasible method where the target veins are very convincing and/or has a large extension.However, the method is lower than the endo vascular traumatic procedures.
- Endo venous laser prison - A method for treating varicose veins in which the vein is not removed, but is closed with the energy of the laser radiation, which is directly brought to the wholesale container with a fiber.The effectiveness of the procedure is comparable to the results of the vein surgical removal, but is characterized by minimal trauma.The rehabilitation time is 1-3 days.
- Radio frequency prison - Progressive way of eliminating the abnormal bloodstream of the luggage compartment's subcutaneous veins.This is a completely outpatient procedure that is performed during local anesthesia.The efficiency of the treatment corresponds to the level of classic flebectomy, and the pain syndrome is minimal or absent.The rehabilitation time is 1-2 days.